Institute of Lymphoma

Lymphomas are tumors arising from lymphoid tissue, primarily from lymph nodes. These tumors may result from chromosomal translocations, infections, immunodeficiency, chronic inflammation, and environmental factors. With the introduction of new diagnostic methods (immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry) and new medications, cure rates and prognosis have significantly improved.

Lymphoma diagnosis is established based on:

• complaints (fever, sweating, weight loss);
• physical examination (enlargement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen);
• lymph node biopsy and cytology (for reliable biopsy, excision of the lymph node is required)

Required studies for diagnosis confirmation and staging:

• complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, serological tests for viral hepatitis, HIV, infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis;
• CT of neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis;
• positron emission tomography;
• bilateral bone marrow biopsy;
• adequate immunophenotyping for diagnosis confirmation (by flow cytometry);
• immunohistochemistry for lymphoma type differentiation (genetic abnormalities by FISH method);
• echocardiography;
• as indicated: brain and spinal cord MRI, lumbar puncture, testicular ultrasound;
• fertility consultations and psychological counseling;
• sperm cryopreservation.

Treatment is administered depending on the disease stage, lymphoma type and subtype, immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry data (Hodgkin's, Non-Hodgkin's, B-cell, T-cell, etc.).

Treatment methods include:

• Cytotoxic drug protocols (chemotherapy)
• Radiotherapy